CIplus
Der Forschungsschwerpunkt CIplus ist im Cluster Computational Services and Software Quality der TH Köln angesiedelt. Ziel ist die Verbesserung des internen Austausches und der externen Sichtbarkeit der Fachdisziplinen.
Weitere Informationen zum Forschungsschwerpunkt erhalten Sie auf der Webseite Computational Intelligence plus - CIplus.
Herausgeber:
Prof. Dr. Thomas Bartz-Beielstein (Schriftenleiter)
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Konen
Prof. Dr. Boris Naujoks
Weitere Informationen zum Forschungsschwerpunkt erhalten Sie auf der Webseite Computational Intelligence plus - CIplus.
Herausgeber:
Prof. Dr. Thomas Bartz-Beielstein (Schriftenleiter)
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Konen
Prof. Dr. Boris Naujoks
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- Report (24)
- Working Paper (16)
- Article (7)
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- Optimierung (20)
- Optimization (13)
- Modellierung (9)
- Soft Computing (9)
- Simulation (6)
- Benchmarking (5)
- Evolutionärer Algorithmus (5)
- Globale Optimierung (5)
- Maschinelles Lernen (4)
- Metaheuristik (4)
3/2020
We propose a hybridization approach called Regularized-Surrogate- Optimization (RSO) aimed at overcoming difficulties related to high- dimensionality. It combines standard Kriging-based SMBO with regularization techniques. The employed regularization methods use the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). An extensive study is performed on a set of artificial test functions and two real-world applications: the electrostatic precipitator problem and a multilayered composite design problem. Experiments reveal that RSO requires significantly less time than Kriging to obtain comparable results. The pros and cons of the RSO approach are discussed and recommendations for practitioners are presented.
2/2020
This survey compiles ideas and recommendations from more than a dozen researchers with different backgrounds and from different institutes around the world. Promoting best practice in benchmarking is its main goal. The article discusses eight essential topics in benchmarking: clearly stated goals, well- specified problems, suitable algorithms, adequate performance measures, thoughtful analysis, effective and efficient designs, comprehensible presentations, and guaranteed reproducibility. The final goal is to provide well-accepted guidelines (rules) that might be useful for authors and reviewers. As benchmarking in optimization is an active and evolving field of research this manuscript is meant to co-evolve over time by means of periodic updates.
1/2020
This paper introduces CAAI, a novel cognitive architecture for artificial intelligence in cyber-physical production systems. The goal of the architecture is to reduce the implementation effort for the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms. The core of the CAAI is a cognitive module that processes declarative goals of the user, selects suitable models and algorithms, and creates a configuration for the execution of a processing pipeline on a big data platform. Constant observation and evaluation against performance criteria assess the performance of pipelines for many and varying use cases. Based on these evaluations, the pipelines are automatically adapted if necessary. The modular design with well-defined interfaces enables the reusability and extensibility of pipeline components. A big data platform implements this modular design supported by technologies such as Docker, Kubernetes, and Kafka for virtualization and orchestration of the individual components and their communication. The implementation of the architecture is evaluated using a real-world use case.
7/2018
The availability of several CPU cores on current computers enables
parallelization and increases the computational power significantly.
Optimization algorithms have to be adapted to exploit these highly
parallelized systems and evaluate multiple candidate solutions in
each iteration. This issue is especially challenging for expensive
optimization problems, where surrogate models are employed to
reduce the load of objective function evaluations.
This paper compares different approaches for surrogate modelbased
optimization in parallel environments. Additionally, an easy
to use method, which was developed for an industrial project, is
proposed. All described algorithms are tested with a variety of
standard benchmark functions. Furthermore, they are applied to
a real-world engineering problem, the electrostatic precipitator
problem. Expensive computational fluid dynamics simulations are
required to estimate the performance of the precipitator. The task
is to optimize a gas-distribution system so that a desired velocity
distribution is achieved for the gas flow throughout the precipitator.
The vast amount of possible configurations leads to a complex
discrete valued optimization problem. The experiments indicate
that a hybrid approach works best, which proposes candidate solutions
based on different surrogate model-based infill criteria and
evolutionary operators.
6/2018
Die Reinhaltung der Luft spielt heute mehr denn je eine wichtige Rolle. In Gesellschaft und Politik wird über Dieselfahrverbote in Innenstädten diskutiert, um die Feinstaubbelastung in den Städten zu senken. Besonders die Industrie steht vor der Aufgabe, den Partikelausstoß zu senken und Wege zu finden, um eine gesunde Luft zu wahren. Zur Abgasreinigung werden oft Filter eingesetzt. Diese weisen aber hohe Energieverluste auf. Die ständige Reinigung oder der Wechsel der Filter kostet Zeit und Geld. Daher ist neben Filtern eine der gängigsten Methoden die Abgasreinigung durch Staubabscheider. Staubabscheider funktionieren filterlos. Dadurch entfällt eine wiederkehrende Filterreinigung, beziehungsweise der regelmäßige Filtertausch. Die Technik der Staubabscheider hat ihren Ursprung in der Natur. Aus der Betrachtung von Zyklonen (in den Tropen vorkommende Wirbelstürme) wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, um staubhaltige Fluide von den Verunreinigungen zu trennen. Die Abgasreinigung mittels Zyklon-Staubabscheider wird in vielen verschiedenen
Industrien eingesetzt, heutzutage meist als Vorabscheider. Beispiele hierfür sind die
braunkohleverarbeitende Industrie, die Gesteinsindustrie und die papier- oder holzverarbeitende Industrie, insbesondere dort, wo viel Staub oder auch größere Späne in die Luft gelangen. Auch im Alltag sind Zyklon-Staubabscheider zu finden. Hier kommen sie in beutellosen Staubsaugern oder als Vorabscheider von Staubsaugern bei der Holzverarbeitung zum Einsatz.
Die Vorgänge im Staubabscheider-Zyklon sind bereits durch mathematische Modelle beschrieben worden. Hierbei handelt es sich um Näherungen, jedoch nicht um
die exakte Abbildung der Realität, weswegen bis heute die Modelle immer wieder weiterentwickelt und verbessert werden. Eine CFD (Computional Fluid Dynamics)Simulation bringt meist die besten Ergebnisse, ist jedoch sehr aufwendig und muss für jeden Staubabscheider neu entwickelt werden. Daher wird noch immer an der Weiterentwicklung der mathematischen Modelle gearbeitet, um eine Berechnung zu optimieren, die für alle Staubabscheider gilt. Muschelknautz hat in diesem Bereich über Jahre hinweg geforscht und so eine der
wichtigsten Methoden zur Berechnung von Zyklonabscheidern entwickelt. Diese stimmt oft sehr gut mit der Realität überein. Betrachtet man jedoch die Tiefe des Tauchrohres im Zyklon, fällt auf, dass der Abscheidegrad maximal wird, wenn das Tauchrohr nicht in den Abscheideraum ragt, sondern mit dem Deckel des Zyklons abschließt. Dieses Phänomen tritt weder bei den durchgeführten CFD-Simulationen noch bei den durchgeführten Messungen am Bauteil auf. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, diese Unstimmigkeit zwischen Berechnung und Messung zu untersuchen und Gründe hierfür herauszufinden. Darum wird zunächst der Stand der Technik und das Muschelknautz’sche Modell
vorgestellt, um im Anschluss die Berechnungsmethode genauer zu untersuchen. So soll festgestellt werden, ob die Ursache der Abweichungen zur Realität bei einer Analyse der Berechnungsmethode ersichtlich wird. Beispielsweise soll überprüft werden, ob die Schlussfolgerung einer maximalen Abscheideleistung bei minimaler Tauchrohrtiefe von speziellen Faktoren abhängt. Es wird eine Reihe von Beispielrechnungen durchgeführt, mit deren Hilfe der Zusammenhang
von Abscheidegrad und Tauchrohrtiefe ersichtlich wird. Hierbei werden die Geometrieparameter des Abscheiders variiert, um deren Einfluss auf die Tauchrohrtiefe
zu untersuchen.
5/2018
Modelling Zero-inflated Rainfall Data through the Use of Gaussian Process and Bayesian Regression
(2018)
Rainfall is a key parameter for understanding the water cycle. An accurate rainfall measurement is vital in the development of hydrological models. By means of indirect measurement, satellites can nowadays estimate the rainfall around the world. However, these measurements are not always accurate. As a first approach to generate a bias-corrected rainfall estimate using satellite data, the performance of Gaussian process and Bayesian regression is studied. The results show Gaussian process as the better option for this dataset but leave place to improvements on both modelling strategies.
4/2018
Surrogate-based optimization and nature-inspired metaheuristics have become the state of the art in solving real-world optimization problems. Still, it is difficult for beginners and even experts to get an overview that explains their advantages in comparison to the large number of available methods in the scope of continuous optimization. Available taxonomies lack the integration of surrogate-based approaches and thus their embedding in the larger context of this broad field.
This article presents a taxonomy of the field, which further matches the idea of nature-inspired algorithms, as it is based on the human behavior in path finding. Intuitive analogies make it easy to conceive the most basic principles of the search algorithms, even for beginners and non-experts in this area of research. However, this scheme does not oversimplify the high complexity of the different algorithms, as the class identifier only defines a descriptive meta-level of the algorithm search strategies. The taxonomy was established by exploring and matching algorithm schemes, extracting similarities and differences, and creating a set of classification indicators to distinguish between five distinct classes. In practice, this taxonomy allows recommendations for the applicability of the corresponding algorithms and helps developers trying to create or improve their own algorithms.
3/2018
Architecural aproaches are considered to simplify the generation of re-usable building blocks in the field of data warehousing. While SAP’s Layer Scalable Architecure (LSA) offers a reference model for creating data warehousing infrastructure based on SAP software, extented reference models are needed to guide the integration of SAP and non-SAP tools. Therefore, SAP’s LSA is compared to the Data Warehouse Architectural Reference Model (DWARM), which aims to cover the classical data warehouse topologies.
2/2018
1/2018
Increasing computational power and the availability of 3D printers provide new tools for the combination of modeling and experimentation. Several simulation tools can be run independently and in parallel, e.g., long running computational fluid dynamics simulations can be accompanied by experiments with 3D printers. Furthermore, results from analytical and data-driven models can be incorporated. However, there are fundamental differences between these modeling approaches: some models, e.g., analytical models, use domain knowledge, whereas data-driven models do not require any information about the underlying processes.
At the same time, data-driven models require input and output data, but analytical models do not. Combining results from models with different input-output structures might improve and accelerate the optimization process. The optimization via multimodel simulation (OMMS) approach, which is able to combine results from these different models, is introduced in this paper.
Using cyclonic dust separators as a real-world simulation problem, the feasibility of this approach is demonstrated and a proof-of-concept is presented. Cyclones are popular devices used to filter dust from the emitted flue gases. They are applied as pre-filters in many industrial processes including energy production and grain processing facilities. Pros and cons of this multimodel optimization approach are discussed and experiences from experiments are presented.